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Created byDan Kornelis
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Hydro-Preneurship: Engineering Vertical Gardens for Community Growth

Grade 7MathScience20 days
In this interdisciplinary project, 7th-grade students act as 'Hydro-Preneurs' to combat local food insecurity by designing and prototyping vertical hydroponic gardens. Students apply complex proportional reasoning and percent calculations to manage nutrient concentrations, predict crop yields, and analyze plant growth rates compared to traditional farming methods. Beyond engineering, participants develop a sustainable business model by calculating markups, social discounts, and simple interest on startup loans to ensure fresh produce remains affordable for families in food deserts.
HydroponicsProportional ReasoningFood DesertsVertical FarmingSocial EntrepreneurshipSustainabilityFinancial Literacy
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Inquiry Framework

Question Framework

Driving Question

The overarching question that guides the entire project.How can we, as Hydro-Preneurs, design a high-yield vertical garden and a sustainable business model to provide affordable, fresh produce to families in local food deserts?

Essential Questions

Supporting questions that break down major concepts.
  • How can we use fractions, decimals, and percents to precisely balance the nutrient solutions needed for healthy plant growth?
  • In what ways can we use the percent proportion and percent equation to calculate the total crop yield required to feed a specific percentage of our local population?
  • How can we apply percent of change to analyze and compare the growth rates of vertical gardens versus traditional soil-based farming?
  • How do we use markups and discounts to create a pricing strategy that makes our fresh produce affordable for food deserts while still covering our business costs?
  • How does the application of simple interest impact the long-term financial feasibility of starting a community-based 'Hydro-Preneurship' venture?

Standards & Learning Goals

Learning Goals

By the end of this project, students will be able to:
  • Design and iterate a functioning vertical hydroponic system prototype based on specific space and yield constraints.
  • Calculate and analyze precise nutrient concentrations by converting between fractions, decimals, and percentages.
  • Develop a comprehensive business model that uses the percent proportion and equation to determine markups, discounts, and simple interest for financial sustainability.
  • Compare growth rates between hydroponic and traditional farming methods using calculations of percent change.
  • Evaluate the socio-economic impact of local food production on food deserts using statistical modeling.

Common Core State Standards (Math)

CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.7.RP.A.3
Primary
Use proportional relationships to solve multistep ratio and percent problems. Examples: simple interest, tax, markups and markdowns, gratuities and commissions, fees, percent increase and decrease, percent error.Reason: This is the core math standard for the project, directly covering the business modeling, nutrient calculations, and financial planning (interest/markups).
CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.7.NS.A.2.D
Secondary
Convert a rational number to a decimal using long division; know that the decimal form of a rational number terminates in 0s or eventually repeats.Reason: Essential for converting fractional nutrient requirements into decimal format for precise measurement in the hydroponic system.
CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.7.EE.B.3
Secondary
Solve multi-step real-life and mathematical problems posed with positive and negative rational numbers in any form (whole numbers, fractions, and decimals), using tools strategically.Reason: Supports the application of math skills to the real-world problem of designing and budgeting for the vertical garden business.

Next Generation Science Standards

NGSS MS-LS1-5
Primary
Construct a scientific explanation based on evidence for how environmental and genetic factors influence the growth of organisms.Reason: Students must explain how the nutrient ratios (environmental factor) they calculated impact the growth and yield of their vertical gardens.
NGSS MS-ETS1-1
Supporting
Define the criteria and constraints of a design problem with sufficient precision to ensure a successful solution, taking into account relevant scientific principles and potential impacts on people and the natural environment that may limit possible solutions.Reason: Relates to the engineering aspect of designing the vertical garden within the constraints of a food desert and a sustainable budget.

Entry Events

Events that will be used to introduce the project to students

The $20 Lettuce Crisis

Students are presented with a 'Grocery Receipt from the Future' showing a single head of lettuce priced at $18.50 due to 'Supply Chain Surcharges' and 'Import Markups.' They must investigate why local prices are skyrocketing and how a 300% markup affects their community's ability to eat, sparking a need to bypass traditional retail through home-grown engineering.
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Portfolio Activities

Portfolio Activities

These activities progressively build towards your learning goals, with each submission contributing to the student's final portfolio.
Activity 1

The Yield Forecaster: Proportions in Action

Students use demographic data from a local food desert to determine how many 'vertical towers' are needed to feed a specific portion of the population. They will use the percent proportion (is/of = %/100) and the percent equation (part = percent x whole) to calculate crop yields based on the space available in their prototype designs.

Steps

Here is some basic scaffolding to help students complete the activity.
1. Analyze local census data to identify the total population of a targeted 'food desert' zone.
2. Determine the 'Target Feed Rate' (e.g., 'We want to provide 15% of the neighborhood with fresh greens').
3. Use the percent proportion to calculate exactly how many people that 15% represents.
4. Use the percent equation to determine the number of vertical garden units required, given that one unit feeds a specific number of people (the 'part').

Final Product

What students will submit as the final product of the activityA 'Community Yield Report' that uses mathematical modeling to predict how many heads of lettuce can be produced and what percentage of a local neighborhood's vegetable needs will be met.

Alignment

How this activity aligns with the learning objectives & standardsAligns with CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.7.RP.A.3 (Use percent proportions/equations to find missing quantities). This activity forces students to use the part/whole/percent relationship to solve real-world logistical problems.
Activity 2

The Social Enterprise: Markups and Markdown Magic

To make the business sustainable, students must calculate the cost of production (seeds, electricity, nutrients). They will then apply a markup to cover business costs and a 'Social Discount' for low-income families to ensure the produce remains affordable, directly addressing the '$20 Lettuce Crisis' from the entry event.

Steps

Here is some basic scaffolding to help students complete the activity.
1. Calculate the total 'Unit Cost' to grow one head of lettuce (sum of all expenses).
2. Apply a 40% markup to the unit cost to determine the standard retail price for local markets.
3. Calculate a 25% 'Food Desert Discount' for residents using EBT or living in specific zip codes.
4. Compare the final discounted price to the $18.50 'Crisis Price' from the entry event and calculate the total percentage of savings for the consumer.

Final Product

What students will submit as the final product of the activityA 'Hydro-Preneur Price List' showing the Wholesale Cost, the Markup Price, and the 'Community Discount' Final Price for various crops.

Alignment

How this activity aligns with the learning objectives & standardsAligns with CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.7.RP.A.3 (Markups and markdowns) and CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.7.EE.B.3 (Solving multi-step real-life problems). This addresses the socio-economic aspect of the project.
Activity 3

Future Funding: The Simple Interest Pitch

Students will simulate 'borrowing' a startup loan of $500 to build their vertical garden infrastructure. They must use the simple interest formula (I = Prt) to calculate how much interest they will owe after 1, 2, and 3 years, and determine if their projected sales (from the previous activity) can cover the debt.

Steps

Here is some basic scaffolding to help students complete the activity.
1. Identify the 'Principal' (startup cost) and a hypothetical annual 'Interest Rate' (e.g., 5%).
2. Calculate the interest owed for different time periods (t = 1 year, t = 2 years) using I=Prt.
3. Determine the 'Total Balance' (Principal + Interest) that must be paid back to the 'Community Bank.'
4. Create a 'Break-Even Analysis' showing how many heads of lettuce must be sold at their marked-up price to pay off the total loan balance.

Final Product

What students will submit as the final product of the activityA 'Financial Feasibility Pitch' that includes a repayment schedule and an analysis of how interest rates impact their long-term business goals.

Alignment

How this activity aligns with the learning objectives & standardsAligns with CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.7.RP.A.3 (Simple Interest formula). This prepares students for the 'Entrepreneurship' side of the project by understanding the cost of capital.
Activity 4

The Growth Tracker: Analyzing Percent of Change

In this activity, students compare the growth of their hydroponic plants against a control group of soil-based plants. They will measure plant height and leaf count over two weeks, then calculate the percent of change to scientifically prove which method is more efficient for high-density urban farming.

Steps

Here is some basic scaffolding to help students complete the activity.
1. Measure the initial height (Original Value) of both the hydroponic and soil-based seedlings.
2. Record final measurements after a 10-day growth period (New Value).
3. Apply the percent of change formula: [(New - Old) / Old] x 100 to find the growth rate for both groups.
4. Write a scientific conclusion explaining how the nutrient solution (environmental factor) led to the specific percentage of growth observed.

Final Product

What students will submit as the final product of the activityA Comparative Growth Infographic displaying the 'Hydroponic Advantage' through calculated percentages of increase for both height and biomass.

Alignment

How this activity aligns with the learning objectives & standardsAligns with CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.7.RP.A.3 (Percent increase/decrease) and NGSS MS-LS1-5 (Environmental factors influencing growth). Students use math to provide evidence for scientific claims about hydroponic efficiency.
Activity 5

The Nutrient Alchemist: Precision Conversions

Before building the gardens, students must master the 'Secret Sauce' of hydroponics: the nutrient solution. They will receive nutrient recipes in various formats (fractions, ratios, and percentages) and must convert them into a single, standardized decimal format to calibrate their measurement tools. This ensures students understand that 1/4 strength solution is the same as 0.25 or 25% concentration.

Steps

Here is some basic scaffolding to help students complete the activity.
1. Research the three primary nutrients (N-P-K) required for leafy greens and their recommended fractional ratios for hydroponic systems.
2. Convert the fractional parts of the nutrient mix (e.g., 1/8 tsp per gallon) into decimal form using long division.
3. Calculate the percentage of each nutrient within the total concentrated solution to ensure it meets safety guidelines.
4. Create a visual 'Mixing Guide' that shows the same quantity in three different mathematical representations to prevent measurement errors in the lab.

Final Product

What students will submit as the final product of the activityA 'Hydro-Nutrient Cheat Sheet' featuring a conversion table (fraction/decimal/percent) for three different growth stages (Seedling, Vegetative, and Flowering).

Alignment

How this activity aligns with the learning objectives & standardsAligns with CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.7.NS.A.2.D (Convert a rational number to a decimal) and CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.7.RP.A.3 (Using proportional relationships). Students must demonstrate the ability to switch between representations to ensure chemical safety and plant health.
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Rubric & Reflection

Portfolio Rubric

Grading criteria for assessing the overall project portfolio

Hydro-Preneurship: Engineering & Economic Portfolio Rubric

Category 1

Mathematical Foundations and Accuracy

Focuses on the core mathematical operations of the project, including proportions, equations, and rational number conversions applied to agriculture and demographics.
Criterion 1

Mathematical Modeling of Yield

Accuracy and application of the percent proportion (is/of = %/100) and percent equation (part = percent x whole) to determine community needs and garden capacity.

Exemplary
4 Points

Calculations are flawlessly executed with sophisticated modeling. The student identifies nuanced demographic factors and provides an innovative strategy for scaling the vertical garden units to exceed target feed rates.

Proficient
3 Points

Calculations using the percent proportion and equation are accurate and clearly labeled. The student correctly determines the number of units needed to feed the specified 15% of the population.

Developing
2 Points

Calculations show emerging understanding but contain minor errors in setting up the proportion or equation. The relationship between population 'part' and 'whole' is partially correct.

Beginning
1 Points

Calculations are incomplete or contain significant errors. The student struggles to differentiate between the part, whole, and percent in the context of the food desert data.

Criterion 2

Nutrient Alchemist Precision

Precision in converting nutrient requirements between fractions, decimals, and percentages (CCSS.MATH.CONTENT.7.NS.A.2.D) to ensure chemical safety and plant health.

Exemplary
4 Points

Conversions are 100% accurate across all three representations. The 'Mixing Guide' is professional-grade, using long division perfectly to show terminating and repeating decimals, ensuring zero margin for error in the lab.

Proficient
3 Points

Conversions between fractions, decimals, and percentages are correct. The student demonstrates a clear ability to use long division to convert rational numbers and applies them to the nutrient mix.

Developing
2 Points

Conversions are mostly correct but may contain errors in decimal placement or rounding. Some fractional representations are not accurately translated to decimal form.

Beginning
1 Points

Major errors in conversion between formats. The student shows limited understanding of how to use long division to find decimal equivalents for nutrient ratios.

Category 2

Economic Literacy and Social Impact

Evaluates the student's ability to use math to drive social change and business sustainability through markups, discounts, and interest calculations.
Criterion 1

Social Enterprise Pricing Strategy

Application of markups, discounts, and unit cost analysis to solve the '$20 Lettuce Crisis' while maintaining business sustainability.

Exemplary
4 Points

Pricing strategy is comprehensive and includes a sophisticated 'Social Discount' model. The student provides a detailed analysis of how the 40% markup and 25% discount interact to ensure both affordability and profit.

Proficient
3 Points

Correctly applies a 40% markup to the unit cost and calculates a 25% discount for the community. The final price list is accurate and logically compares the new price to the crisis price.

Developing
2 Points

Applies markups or discounts inconsistently. The logic behind the final price is present but contains calculation errors or fails to account for all production costs.

Beginning
1 Points

Struggles to calculate markups or discounts. The price list does not reflect the economic constraints of a food desert or the needs of a sustainable business.

Criterion 2

Financial Sustainability and Interest

Application of the simple interest formula (I=Prt) to analyze the long-term feasibility of a startup loan.

Exemplary
4 Points

The financial pitch includes a masterful break-even analysis. The student accurately calculates interest over multiple years and provides a compelling argument for how sales volume will cover the total balance.

Proficient
3 Points

Accurately uses I=Prt to calculate interest for 1, 2, and 3 years. The repayment schedule is clear and correctly identifies the total balance (Principal + Interest).

Developing
2 Points

Calculates interest correctly for one time period but struggles with multi-year analysis or the break-even connection. Minor errors in using the formula variables.

Beginning
1 Points

Significant errors in applying the simple interest formula. The student cannot clearly articulate how borrowing money impacts the total cost of the project.

Category 3

Scientific Inquiry and Engineering

Assesses the student's ability to act as a scientist and engineer, using data to prove the efficacy of their garden and its impact on living organisms.
Criterion 1

Growth Analysis and Percent Change

Calculation of percent increase/decrease to compare growth rates and the construction of a scientific explanation based on evidence (NGSS MS-LS1-5).

Exemplary
4 Points

The infographic provides a high-level synthesis of data. The percent change calculations are flawless, and the scientific conclusion expertly links nutrient ratios (environmental factors) to the observed biomass increase.

Proficient
3 Points

Accurately calculates the percent of change for both hydroponic and soil groups using [(New-Old)/Old] x 100. Provides a clear scientific explanation for why the hydroponic system influenced growth.

Developing
2 Points

Calculates percent change but makes errors in the formula (e.g., dividing by the new value instead of the original). The scientific conclusion is basic and lacks specific data-driven evidence.

Beginning
1 Points

Fails to calculate percent change or provides incorrect data. The scientific explanation does not connect the growth observations to any environmental factors.

Criterion 2

Engineering Design and Constraints

Defining criteria and constraints of the vertical garden design to solve the food desert problem (NGSS MS-ETS1-1).

Exemplary
4 Points

The prototype design and yield report show an exceptional response to constraints. The student optimizes space and resources to maximize yield while maintaining a low-cost profile for the community.

Proficient
3 Points

The design clearly addresses the constraints of a vertical space and the budget requirements. The student provides a successful solution that balances engineering needs with scientific principles.

Developing
2 Points

The design is functional but does not fully optimize the constraints of a food desert (e.g., too expensive or low yield). Scientific principles are partially applied.

Beginning
1 Points

The design fails to meet the basic criteria of a vertical hydroponic system or ignores the constraints of the provided problem.

Reflection Prompts

End-of-project reflection questions to get students to think about their learning
Question 1

Why was it critical to accurately convert between fractions, decimals, and percents when mixing your nutrient solutions, and what are the potential scientific consequences of a mathematical error in this process?

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Question 2

How did you use markups and discounts to ensure your produce was affordable for the community while still ensuring your 'Hydro-Preneur' business could cover its costs?

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Question 3

When you calculated the percent of change in growth rates, what did the data tell you about the 'Hydroponic Advantage' compared to traditional soil-based farming?

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Question 4

How did calculating simple interest on your startup loan change your understanding of the financial risks and responsibilities involved in running a sustainable social enterprise?

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Question 5

How confident do you feel in your ability to use proportions, percent equations, and interest formulas to solve complex problems in your own life or future career?

Scale
Required
Question 6

Which mathematical component of the project best helped you understand the challenges of solving food insecurity in your local community?

Multiple choice
Required
Options
Calculating Yield (Proportions)
Pricing & Discounts (Markups/Markdowns)
Loan Repayment (Simple Interest)
Growth Analysis (Percent Change)