
Push and Pull Explorations
Inquiry Framework
Question Framework
Driving Question
The overarching question that guides the entire project.How can we explore and understand the effects of pushing and pulling objects in different directions and strengths to achieve our desired outcomes?Essential Questions
Supporting questions that break down major concepts.- What happens when I push or pull an object?
- How does changing the strength of a push or pull affect how far or fast an object moves?
- What are some examples of objects I can push or pull in different directions?
- How can I use a tool to help me push or pull an object in the way I want?
Standards & Learning Goals
Learning Goals
By the end of this project, students will be able to:- Students will understand that objects can be moved by pushes and pulls.
- Students will be able to compare the effects of different strengths or directions of pushes and pulls on motion.
- Students will learn to conduct simple investigations to gather data about motion.
- Students will enhance their ability to analyze data to determine if design solutions meet intended outcomes.
Next Generation Science Standards
Entry Events
Events that will be used to introduce the project to studentsThe Great Marble Race
Introduce a video of an exciting marble race where marbles speed through twists, turns, and loops. Present students with the challenge of designing their own racetrack to see which marble travels the farthest or fastest using pushes and pulls.Obstacle Course Adventure
Set up a playful obstacle course where students use pushes and pulls to move an object through various stations. Students will design their own mini-obstacles, applying their understanding of force to navigate through creatively.Story Time Tug-O-War
Initiate with a fun story about animals in a tug-of-war contest. Let students act out different push and pull forces as they imagine being part of the story, then use real ropes for a physical long tug-of-war game to explore these forces.Balloon Rocket Experiment
Launch a balloon rocket across the room, demonstrating push and pull in an exciting and visually engaging way. Challenge students to modify their own balloon rockets to see how different forces affect their travel path and speed.Mystery Box Push-Pull Challenge
Present students with a mysterious box containing various objects. Encourage them to predict the outcome of pushing or pulling each item. Then, let them experiment to see which objects move quickly or slowly based on the strength and direction of their pushes or pulls.Portfolio Activities
Portfolio Activities
These activities progressively build towards your learning goals, with each submission contributing to the student's final portfolio.Marble Speedway Design
Students will design their own racetracks to see which marble travels the farthest or fastest using pushes and pulls. This helps them understand the effects of different strengths or directions on the motion of marbles.Steps
Here is some basic scaffolding to help students complete the activity.Final Product
What students will submit as the final product of the activityCompleted racetracks that demonstrate varying speeds and distances based on push/pull forces.Alignment
How this activity aligns with the learning objectives & standardsAligns with K-PS2-1 by investigating the effects of different strengths or directions of pushes and pulls.Obstacle Course Design Challenge
Students will create their own obstacle course using objects they can push or pull through various stations, exploring how these forces work in real life situations.Steps
Here is some basic scaffolding to help students complete the activity.Final Product
What students will submit as the final product of the activityA functional obstacle course that uses pushes and pulls to move objects through it.Alignment
How this activity aligns with the learning objectives & standardsThis activity meets K-PS2-1 by allowing students to conduct investigations about motion.Balloon Rocket Race
Students will launch balloon rockets to understand force directions. They will experiment by modifying rockets to see how different directional forces affect travel path and speed.Steps
Here is some basic scaffolding to help students complete the activity.Final Product
What students will submit as the final product of the activityBalloon rockets that demonstrate the effects of directional pushes on motion.Alignment
How this activity aligns with the learning objectives & standardsThis aligns with K-PS2-2 as students analyze data to understand the effect of pushes on speed and direction.Mystery Box Experiment
Students will experiment with different objects to predict and examine the outcomes of pushing or pulling by comparing speed and distance traveled.Steps
Here is some basic scaffolding to help students complete the activity.Final Product
What students will submit as the final product of the activityA data chart showing predictions and outcomes of different pushes and pulls on mystery objects.Alignment
How this activity aligns with the learning objectives & standardsThis activity ties to K-PS2-1 by comparing push and pull effects on motion, as well as K-PS2-2 by analyzing data from experiments.Tug-of-War Forces Exploration
Through an engaging game of tug-of-war, students will physically experience and understand the concepts of push and pull forces.Steps
Here is some basic scaffolding to help students complete the activity.Final Product
What students will submit as the final product of the activityA reflection sheet where students explain how push and pull forces work, based on their tug-of-war experience.Alignment
How this activity aligns with the learning objectives & standardsCorresponds to K-PS2-1 through hands-on exploration of force effects in motion.Rubric & Reflection
Portfolio Rubric
Grading criteria for assessing the overall project portfolioForce and Motion Exploration Rubric
Understanding of Forces
Measures the student's understanding of pushing and pulling forces and their effects on object motion.Concept Explanation
Evaluates the student's ability to explain the concept of push and pull forces and their effects on motion.
Exemplary
4 PointsDemonstrates a comprehensive understanding of push and pull forces and can explain how these forces impact the motion of objects in various scenarios.
Proficient
3 PointsDemonstrates a solid understanding of push and pull forces and can accurately describe their effects on motion.
Developing
2 PointsShows limited understanding of push and pull forces with some ability to describe their effects on motion.
Beginning
1 PointsShows minimal understanding of push and pull forces with difficulty in describing their effects on motion.
Application in Projects
Assesses the student's ability to apply knowledge of forces in practical projects and experiments.
Exemplary
4 PointsApplies knowledge of forces innovatively in projects, demonstrating insight into how different pushes and pulls affect motion.
Proficient
3 PointsSuccessfully applies knowledge of forces in projects, demonstrating clear understanding of motion effects.
Developing
2 PointsApplies knowledge of forces in a basic way, with uneven understanding of motion effects.
Beginning
1 PointsStruggles to apply knowledge of forces in projects, with minimal understanding of motion effects.
Data Analysis and Reflection
Evaluates the student's ability to analyze data and reflect on the outcomes of experiments involving forces.Data Interpretation
Assesses the student's ability to interpret experiment results and draw conclusions about force effects.
Exemplary
4 PointsInterprets data accurately and draws insightful conclusions about the impact of forces on object motion.
Proficient
3 PointsAccurately interprets data and draws reasonable conclusions about force impact on motion.
Developing
2 PointsInterprets data with limited accuracy, drawing basic conclusions about force impact on motion.
Beginning
1 PointsStruggles to interpret data and draw conclusions about force impact on motion.